Damp basements are a breeding ground for black mold.
The idea of black mold growing in the home brings with it a certain sense of dread, but this form has not been proven to be any more deadly -- or less harmful -- than other types of mold. Black mold, like other types, can cause an allergic reaction in children and adults. It is often found growing in moist areas, and should be removed as quickly and thoroughly as any other type of mold.
Biology
Maple is one of the woods frequently infested with black mold.
The term black mold is actually a blanket term that refers not to just one type of mold but to all types of mold that are black. Most commonly associated with the term is the variety Stachybotrys chartarum, also known as Stachybotrys atra. This strain of mold actually has a greenish-black color. It thrives in moist, damp areas, particularly in wall board made of fiberglass, gypsum, wood and papers. Woods such as maple and oak are also common hosts for the mold, and it has also been found thriving in crops such as cereal grains and tree nuts. Once the mold starts to grow in these areas, it releases spores into the air. These spores are what cause allergic reactions and illness in those who breathe them.
Health Risks
Sneezing can be a sign of a mold allergy.
Some individuals have a severe reaction to the presence of mold spores in the air, and will frequently be impacted no matter what type of mold the spores come from. Since the spores are released into the air and land on skin as well as being breathed in, symptoms of an allergy to black mold typically include some form of skin irritation such as redness or a rash. Depending on the severity of the allergy, respiratory symptoms can range from a sore, itchy throat and runny nose to difficulty breathing, a wheezing cough and a feeling of always being out of breath. Other allergy symptoms like watery eyes and tightness in the throat and chest are also common. Fortunately, prolonged exposure to black mold has not been proven deadly.
At Risk
Office walls may hide mold infestations.
Individuals who work in damp, old buildings can be at high risk for exposure to black mold; office workers can be particularly susceptible as they tend to stay in the same rooms for hours at a time. Buildings that have been exposed to flood or water damage can be a breeding ground for mold, even if carpets and walls have been replaced but old, damaged wood remains beneath.
Some types of farmers and field workers also run a high risk for black mold exposure. Black mold grows in a number of crops such as cereal grains, soybeans, hay and cotton, especially when conditions have been damp and water has had the chance to sit on the ground and continuously moisten plants.
Prevention
Wet carpets are a haven for mold.
Cleaning up any water damage as it occurs goes a long way in preventing black mold from developing. Replace any damaged boards or building materials, including carpets, drywall and ceiling tiles. Materials that will not absorb the mold, such as concrete, can be scrubbed clean with a bleach solution and dried if there is a water leak.
Sometimes, a water leak or flood isn't necessary to create the right atmosphere for mold. High humidity levels can eventually cause moisture to collect enough to encourage mold spores to begin to multiply. Keeping humidity down by properly insulating pipes and using dehumidifiers in problem areas will help.
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