Wood has graced ceilings throughout the centuries.
You can use almost any kind of material for a ceiling, but many probably would not pass muster with the building codes, or they would not be very attractive; some might even be dangerous. Common ceiling materials used today come with many finishes, or you can finish them with many colors and textures, so a few of them provide a wide variety of aesthetic options.
Drywall
Drywall is the modern workhorse of the ceiling world. It comes flat but is often textured when it is installed. Drywall is made from gypsum, a naturally occurring mineral. The gypsum is sandwiched between layers of paper. Standard drywall paper is white. Drywall with green paper is used in moist locations like bathrooms, although it is not recommended for ceilings. Its water resistance means it may hide the existence of a moisture problem or leak, causing further damage. Higher tech versions of drywall are rated for use outside, and you can install them on porches and verandas. A key attribute of drywall is its fire resistance. Drywall takes time to finish because you must apply coats of drywall compound along the seams until you make the seams disappear.
Grid
Metal grid ceiling systems are common in commercial buildings. There is a space above them where wiring, plumbing and duct work are accessed easily. Ceiling tiles are suspended in a metal grid system. One type of tile is compressed fibers with a textured, decorative face. More expensive versions have inset edges so the metal grid is recessed into the tiles. Other favorite materials include metal, so you can get an old-time, metal ceiling look. These materials are simple to work with because they are lightweight and have uniform dimensions. It is also relatively easy to change the look of the ceiling by changing the type of tile.
Lumber
Lumber of different types and dimensions has rustic to modern appeal. Tongue and groove lumber fits tightly at the edges creating a more finished look than simply butting the sides together. This lumber is predominately pine and is widely used in log cabins and A-frames. Old, barn lumber is common for spot treatments on ceilings or for large and small spaces needing a rustic look. When you use lumber for ceilings, check with local code authorities for specific recommendations. Some jurisdictions require drywall behind lumber when you use it for ceilings. You have many paint and stain options when finishing lumber ceilings, although you should try to apply the finish before putting it up. Afterwards, go back and touch up where needed. Consider putting a coat or two of polyurethane over stained or natural lumber to give it a clean, sleek look.
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