Test for Compacted Soil
Soil type is generally determined by the size of the inorganic particles that make up the soil composition. Sandy soil is composed of larger particles, silt of medium sized particles and clay of very small particles. The proportions of clay, sand and silt will determine the texture of the soil and affect nutrient availability and soil drainage. Soil compaction occurs when air is compressed or squeezed out of the soil. The small cavities or pores that contained air may be reduced in size or totally eliminated, usually due to pressure applied to the soil surface resulting from hard rain, foot traffic or the weight of equipment on the soil. Basic tests can determine if your garden has a problem due to compacted soil.
Instructions
1. Use a compaction test rod to test soil compaction. Available for rent from home and garden centers, you can use both manual and digital rods to test soil. Use a rod 36 to 48 inches long. Insert into the soil and apply steady, even pressure. Most compaction layers are several inches below the topsoil. When you reach a layer that resists penetration, make a note of the depth so that you know how deep you will have to cultivate the soil to remedy the problem.
2. Visually examine the soil. Is it evenly textured with good drainage? Compacted soils do not drain well and there will be evidence of water pooling in areas with poor drainage. Compacted soil can be remedied by a generous application of gypsum. Broadcast 20 to 30 pounds over every 1000 square feet of garden plot. Cultivate into the soil and water well. Gypsum is not toxic to humans or pets and does not burn plants. It can be added to the soil at anytime. Yearly applications of gypsum will alleviate compaction soil issues.
3. Dig down into the soil and examine root growth of shrubs or trees. If roots are deformed or stunted, compaction may be the problem.
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