Radiant heating systems are becoming increasingly popular. There are pros and consider to investigate when considering such a system.
The Basics
In most common electric radiant heating systems, heating mats or rolls are installed in floors, walls and ceilings to distribute radiant heat over large surfaces at relatively low temperatures, resulting in a comfortable sensation. These systems are designed for easy installation and are considered to be energy-efficient. Floor panel systems are the most popular type of radiant panel installation and are used in residential and light commercial applications. Many applications are considered "do it yourself" projects.
Heat Transfer
A human body loses heat through radiation, evaporation and convection. Radiant heat loss is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves. Convection loss is the heat carried away by air passing over the skin. Evaporation loss is the heat used in converting moisture on the surface of the skin into vapor. Heat transfer laws say that heat flows from the warmer to the cooler exposure at a rate directly proportionally to the existing temperature difference. Radiant heat moves the heat from a warmer to a colder area, maintaining a proper balance between radiation and convection. The amount of radiation heat given off from the body can be decreased by raising the temperature of the surrounding surfaces like floors, walls and ceilings. This is the principle behind radiant heating systems.
Electric Radiant Heating Systems
Most electric radiant floor heating systems consist of a thin electric mat or roll applied to the subfloor where it is embedded in a thinset of self-leveling concrete. Radiant ceiling panels frequently are comprised of a high-density fiberglass insulation board, a heating element and a textured surface panel mounted in a frame. In walls, drywall panels with the required wiring embedded in them are available. Other necessary components include a thermostat, ground fault circuit interrupter, relay contactor, timer and a dimmer switch.
The Pros of Radiant Heating
Radiant heating will not dry out the air like a forced-air system will. It is popular with people who have allergies as there is very little air movement to transport dust, mold spores, animal dander and other allergens. Electric radiant heating systems are cost-effective for smaller floors and due to electricity costs should be used as a personal comfort option instead of as the main heating source. It is easier to maintain zone control where only certain areas in a building need heat at any one time.
The Cons of Radiant Heating
Electric radiant heating produces electromagnetic fields (EMFs), which have been known to cause health problems. There are wiring and grounding methods recommended by the National Electric Code to minimize this risk. Electric costs can be high if the radiant heating system is installed in a wood floor because the heat won't be absorbed and the heat will not radiate. This can limit design options in a home and might contribute to higher first costs for flooring.
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