Gypsum is a natural mineral found in sedimentary deposits on the earth's surface, a commonly-used type of sulfate. Well-known to professionals in the construction industry, gypsum is used in cement, plaster of Paris and drywall. But many gardeners know about gypsum, too, because it's often named as a helpful additive to heavy clay soils. Everyone from scientists to home gardeners have conducted studies to see if gypsum really can help clay soil.
Gypsum Soil Benefits
Gypsum has a good reputation where soil is concerned. Applying the mineral to the soil will not change soil pH, an important consideration for many gardeners. The addition of gypsum helps to loosen and aerate soil and helps kill unpleasant odors from manure and compost. When viewed in this light, gypsum sounds like a must-have soil addition.
Gypsum Limitations
Gypsum does help loosen up even heavy clay soils, but it's not a cure-all. Clay soils will be lightened for only as long as soluble calcium is present in the soil. Make the effects of gypsum last longer in soils by mixing it with organic materials. Even when this step is taken, however, gypsum must be reapplied so it will continue to be effective.
Gypsum Chemical Properties
Gypsum is calcium sulfate. The calcium displaces salts found naturally in soils, which in turn reacts to the sulfate to lighten and loosen heavy, wet clay soils. Gypsum also helps protect plants from high concentration of salts in soils. Adding calcium to the soil speeds up decomposition, which adds nutrient-rich organic materials to the ground.
Using Gypsum
Gypsum is applied to clay to lighten and loosen the soil, allowing water and air to move through it. Gypsum is naturally created from calcium and sulfur, two nutrients soil needs. Because of its affect on soil, gypsum acts like a soil conditioner that promotes healthy plant growth both above and below the soil line. Gypsum should be added to the soil in spring and fall, approximately 40 lbs. per 1,000 square feet of lawn and 20 lbs. per 100 square feet of garden. After applying gypsum, water the soil thoroughly to help it penetrate.
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