Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a statistical technique for seeing whether three or more groups differ on the mean of some quantitative variable. For example, it could be whether members of different ethnic groups differ in height. Although designs become quite complex, they all depend on comparing the variation within groups to that between groups. If there is much more variation between groups than within groups, then we conclude that the groups are different. Variation within groups is measured by mean squares within.
Instructions
1. Calculate the mean, or average, in each group. Using the example from the introduction, we would calculate the mean height within each ethnic group.
2. Subtract the mean for the respective group from the individual measures in each group. In our example, we would subtract the mean height for White people from each White person's height, the mean height for Black people from each Black person's height, and so on.
3. Square the numbers in step 2.
4. Add up the numbers in step 3 for all groups (this results in one number).
5. Divide this by the total number of subjects in the study. This is mean squares within.
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