Surgical plaster and pottery contain gypsum.
Gypsum, or calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4.2H2O), is found in three varieties, satinspar, selenite and alabaster. Satinspar feels silky, while selenite is crystalline and translucent. Alabaster is also translucent and soft. Surgical plaster is manufactured from gypsum, which is also used make pottery and as an extender in paint. Gypsum is also used to manufacture fertilizer and in cement soil reclamation procedures. The textile, chemical and cosmetic industries all utilize gypsum.
Surgical plaster
The objectionable impurities in surgical plaster have been identified, and one standardized specification (IS: 1290 - 19) for gypsum that is to be used for surgical plaster making follows strict guidelines. Free water must be a maximum of 1.0 percent. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) and any other soluble matter that is present can be no higher than 0.70 percent. Carbon dioxide (CO2) cannot be present in amounts that are higher than 1.0 percent, and iron and aluminum oxides must be no higher than 0.1 percent. Sodium chloride (NaCl) can only be represented by 0.01 percent, with magnesium oxide (MgO) a 0.5 percent maximum. Calcium sulfate dihydrate must represent a minimum of 96.00 percent of the sample material.
Pottery
A standardized specification (IS: 1290 - 1973) for gypsum that is to be used for pottery making must meet this formula: Free water must be a maximum of 1.0 percent. Carbon dioxide cannot be present in amounts that are higher than 3.0 percent. Silicon dioxide and any other soluble matter that is present can be no higher than 6.0 percent. Iron and aluminum oxides must be no higher than 1.0 percent. Magnesium oxide can only be represented by 1.5 percent and sodium chloride by 0.10 percent maximum. Calcium sulfate dihydrate must represent a minimum of 85.00 percent of the sample material.
Ammonium sulfate fertilizer
The deleterious constituents when gypsum is used in the manufacture of ammonium sulphate fertilizer, are iron aluminum oxides, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide and sodium chloride. Some standardized specifications (IS: 1290 - 1973) for gypsum to be utilized for ammonium sulfate fertilizer manufacture are the following: Calcium sulfate dihydrate must represent a minimum of 85.00 percent of the sample material. Silicon dioxide and any other soluble matter that is present can be no higher than 6.0 percent, while iron and aluminum oxides must be no higher than 1.50 percent. Magnesium oxide can only be represented by 1.0 percent maximum.
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