In many parts of the world, arable topsoil runs only a few inches deep before giving way to a layer of hard, impermeable clay. In order to break up clay soil, gypsum may be used over a series of years.
What is Gypsum?
Gypsum is a very soft, gray-white sedimentary rock. According to the Encyclopedia of Earth, most gypsum is composed of hydrous calcium sulfate, which forms when water containing the requisite calcium and sulfates evaporates.
Problems with Clay
Clay is both dense and resistant to water. Only large or specially-suited plants can penetrate it with their roots. Additionally, clay deposits cause water drainage problems that result in stagnant water and root molding.
Application
Distribute between 20 to 40 lbs. of granulated gypsum over every 1000 sq. ft. of lawn using a regular lawn fertilizer spreader.
Time Frame
Using solely gypsum is not a quick fix; applications 1 to 2 times a year for 3 years may be needed to properly break down hard-pack or clay soils.
Alternative Solutions
If you are working with a new or unplanted area, consider tilling hay, peat, or manure into the soil before planting. If tilling is not possible, aeration of heavily clayed soil also helps.
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